And what shall I tell you next?  The Kaan was there on the hill, mounted on a great wooden bartizan,[NOTE 1] which was borne by four well-trained elephants, and over him was hoisted his standard, so high aloft that it could be seen from all sides.  His troops were ordered in battles of 30,000 men apiece; and a great part of the horsemen had each a foot-soldier armed with a lance set on the crupper behind him (for it was thus that the footmen were disposed of);[NOTE 2] and the whole plain seemed to be covered with his forces.  So it was thus that the Great Kaan’s army was arrayed for battle.

When Nayan and his people saw what had happened, they were sorely confounded, and rushed in haste to arms.  Nevertheless they made them ready in good style and formed their troops in an orderly manner.  And when all were in battle array on both sides as I have told you, and nothing remained but to fall to blows, then might you have heard a sound arise of many instruments of various music, and of the voices of the whole of the two hosts loudly singing.  For this is a custom of the Tartars, that before they join battle they all unite in singing and playing on a certain two-stringed instrument of theirs, a thing right pleasant to hear.  And so they continue in their array of battle, singing and playing in this pleasing manner, until the great Naccara of the Prince is heard to sound.  As soon as that begins to sound the fight also begins on both sides; and in no case before the Prince’s Naccara sounds dare any commence fighting. [NOTE 3]

So then, as they were thus singing and playing, though ordered and ready for battle, the great Naccara of the Great Khan began to sound.  And that of Nayan also began to sound.  And thenceforward the din of battle began to be heard loudly from this side and from that.  And they rushed to work so doughtily with their bows and their maces, with their lances and swords, and with the arblasts of the footmen, that it was a wondrous sight to see.  Now might you behold such flights of arrows from this side and from that, that the whole heaven was canopied with them and they fell like rain.  Now might you see on this side and on that full many a cavalier and man-at-arms fall slain, insomuch that the whole field seemed covered with them.  From this side and from that such cries arose from the crowds of the wounded and dying that had God thundered, you would not have heard Him!  For fierce and furious was the battle, and quarter there was none given.[NOTE 4]

But why should I make a long story of it?  You must know that it was the most parlous and fierce and fearful battle that ever has been fought in our day.  Nor have there ever been such forces in the field in actual fight, especially of horsemen, as were then engaged—­for, taking both sides, there were not fewer than 760,000 horsemen, a mighty force! and that without reckoning the footmen, who were also very numerous.  The battle endured with various fortune on this side and on that from morning