“According to the Chinese Annals (T’ung kien kang mu), quoted by Dr. E. Bretschneider (Med.  Res. I. p. 157), Chinghiz died near the Liu p’an shan in 1227, after having subdued the Tangut empire.  On modern Chinese maps Liu p’an shan is marked south of the city of Ku yuean chou, department of P’ing liang, in Kan suh.  The Yuean shi however, implies that he died in Northern Mongolia.  We read there, in the annals, s.a. 1227, that in the fifth intercalary month the Emperor moved to the mountain Liu p’an shan in order to avoid the heat of the summer.  In the sixth month the empire of the Hia (Tangut) submitted.  Chinghiz rested on the river Si Kiang in the district of Ts’ing shui (in Kansuh; it has still the same name).  In autumn, in the seventh month (August), on the day jen wu, the Emperor fell ill, and eight days later died in his palace Ha-lao-t’u on the River Sa-li.  This river Sali is repeatedly mentioned in the Yuean shi, viz. in the first chapter, in connection with the first military doings of Chinghiz.  Rashid reports (D’Ohsson, I. 58) that Chinghiz in 1199 retired to his residence Sari Kihar.  The Yuean chao pi shi (Palladius’ transl., 81) writes the same name Saari Keher (Keher in modern Mongol means ’a plain’).  On the ancient map of Mongolia found in the Yuean shi lei pien, Sa-li K’ie-rh is marked south of the river Wa-nan (the Onon of our maps), and close to Sa-li K’ie-rh we read:  ‘Here was the original abode of the Yuean’ (Mongols).  Thus it seems the passage in the Yuean history translated above intimates that Chinghiz died in Mongolia, and not near the Liu p’an shan, as is generally believed.  The Yuean ch’ao pi shi (Palladius’ transl., 152) and the ’Ts’in cheng lu (Palladius’ transl., 195) both agree in stating that, after subduing the Tangut empire, Chinghiz returned home, and then died.  Colonel Yule, in his Marco Polo (I. 245), states ‘that Rashid calls the place of Chinghiz’ death Leung shan, which appears to be the mountain range still so-called in the heart of Shensi.’  I am not aware from what translation of Rashid, Yule’s statement is derived, but d’Ohsson (I. 375, note) seems to quote the same passage in translating from Rashid:  ’Liu-p’an-shan was situated on the frontiers of the Churche (empire of the Kin), Nangias (empire of the Sung) and Tangut;’ which statement is quite correct.”

We now come to the Mongol tradition, which places the tomb of Chinghiz in the country of the Ordos, in the great bend of the Yellow River.