there to receive the retribution he has designed to
men, according to their doings in this life. [And therefore
it is not of such mighty necessity to determine one
way or the other, as some, over-zealous for or against
the immateriality of the soul, have been forward to
make the world believe. Who, either on the one
side, indulging too much their thoughts immersed altogether
in matter, can allow no existence to what is not material:
or who, on the other side, finding not cogitation
within the natural powers of matter, examined over
and over again by the utmost intention of mind, have
the confidence to conclude—That Omnipotency
itself cannot give perception and thought to a substance
which has the modification of solidity. He that
considers how hardly sensation is, in our thoughts,
reconcilable to extended matter; or existence to anything
that has no extension at all, will confess that he
is very far from certainly knowing what his soul is.
It is a point which seems to me to be put out of the
reach of our knowledge: and he who will give
himself leave to consider freely, and look into the
dark and intricate part of each hypothesis, will scarce
find his reason able to determine him fixedly for or
against the soul’s materiality. Since,
on which side soever he views it, either as an unextended
substance, or as a thinking extended
matter, the difficulty to conceive either will,
whilst either alone is in his thoughts, still drive
him to the contrary side. An unfair way which
some men take with themselves: who, because of
the inconceivableness of something they find in one,
throw themselves violently into the contrary hypothesis,
though altogether as unintelligible to an unbiassed
understanding. This serves not only to show the
weakness and the scantiness of our knowledge, but
the insignificant triumph of such sort of arguments;
which, drawn from our own views, may satisfy us that
we can find no certainty on one side of the question:
but do not at all thereby help us to truth by running
into the opposite opinion; which, on examination, will
be found clogged with equal difficulties. For
what safety, what advantage to any one is it, for
the avoiding the seeming absurdities, and to him unsurmountable
rubs, he meets with in one opinion, to take refuge
in the contrary, which is built on something altogether
as inexplicable, and as far remote from his comprehension?
It is past controversy, that we have in us something
that thinks; our very doubts about what it is, confirm
the certainty of its being, though we must content
ourselves in the ignorance of what kind of being
it is: and it is in vain to go about to be sceptical
in this, as it is unreasonable in most other cases
to be positive against the being of anything, because
we cannot comprehend its nature. For I would
fain know what substance exists, that has not something
in it which manifestly baffles our understandings.
Other spirits, who see and know the nature and inward