will require too much time, cost, and pains to be hoped
for in this age; yet methinks it is not unreasonable
to propose, that words standing for things which are
known and distinguished by their outward shapes should
be expressed by little draughts and prints made of
them. A vocabulary made after this fashion would
perhaps with more ease, and in less time, teach the
true signification of many terms, especially in languages
of remote countries or ages, and settle truer ideas
in men’s minds of several things, whereof we
read the names in ancient authors, than all the large
and laborious comments of learned critics. Naturalists,
that treat of plants and animals, have found the benefit
of this way: and he that has had occasion to
consult them will have reason to confess that he has
a clearer idea of APIUM or
Ibex, from a little
print of that herb or beast, than he could have from
a long definition of the names of either of them.
And so no doubt he would have of
strigil and
sistrum, if, instead of
currycomb and
cymbal,
(which are the English names dictionaries render them
by,) he could see stamped in the margin small pictures
of these instruments, as they were in use amongst the
ancients.
Toga,
Tunica,
pallium,
are words easily translated by
gown,
coat,
and
cloak; but we have thereby no more true ideas
of the fashion of those habits amongst the Romans,
than we have of the faces of the tailors who made
them. Such things as these, which the eye distinguishes
by their shapes, would be best let into the mind by
draughts made of them, and more determine the signification
of such words, than any other words set for them,
or made use of to define them. But this is only
by the bye.
26. V. Fifth Remedy: To use the same word
constantly in the same sense.
Fifthly, If men will not be at the pains to declare
the meaning of their words, and definitions of their
terms are not to be had, yet this is the least that
can be expected, that, in all discourses wherein one
man pretends to instruct or convince another, he should
use the same word constantly in the same sense.
If this were done, (which nobody can refuse without
great disingenuity,) many of the books extant might
be spared; many of the controversies in dispute would
be at an end; several of those great volumes, swollen
with ambiguous words, now used in one sense, and by
and by in another, would shrink into a very narrow
compass; and many of the philosophers (to mention no
other) as well as poets works, might be contained
in a nutshell.
27. When not so used, the Variation is to be
explained.