5.  On Solidity depend Impulse, Resistance and Protrusion.

By this idea of solidity is the extension of body distinguished from the extension of space:—­the extension of body being nothing but the cohesion or continuity of solid, separable, movable parts; and the extension of space, the continuity of unsolid, inseparable, and immovable parts.  Upon the solidity of bodies also depend their mutual impulse, resistance, and protrusion.  Of pure space then, and solidity, there are several (amongst which I confess myself one) who persuade themselves they have clear and distinct ideas; and that they can think on space, without anything in it that resists or is protruded by body.  This is the idea of pure space, which they think they have as clear as any idea they can have of the extension of body:  the idea of the distance between the opposite parts of a concave superficies being equally as clear without as with the idea of any solid parts between:  and on the other side, they persuade themselves that they have, distinct from that of pure space, the idea of something that fills space, that can be protruded by the impulse of other bodies, or resist their motion.  If there be others that have not these two ideas distinct, but confound them, and make but one of them, I know not how men, who have the same idea under different names, or different ideas under the same name, can in that case talk with one another; any more than a man who, not being blind or deaf, has distinct ideas of the colour of scarlet and the sound of a trumpet, could discourse concerning scarlet colour with the blind man I mentioned in another place, who fancied that the idea of scarlet was like the sound of a trumpet.

6.  What Solidity is.

If any one asks me, what this solidity is, I send him to his senses to inform him.  Let him put a flint or a football between his hands, and then endeavour to join them, and he will know.  If he thinks this not a sufficient explication of solidity, what it is, and wherein it consists; I promise to tell him what it is, and wherein it consists, when he tells me what thinking is, or wherein it consists; or explains to me what extension or motion is, which perhaps seems much easier.  The simple ideas we have, are such as experience teaches them us; but if, beyond that, we endeavour by words to make them clearer in the mind, we shall succeed no better than if we went about to clear up the darkness of a blind man’s mind by talking; and to discourse into him the ideas of light and colours.  The reason of this I shall show in another place.

CHAPTER V.

Of simple ideas of divers senses.

Ideas received both by seeing and touching.

The ideas we get by more than one sense are, of space or extension, figure, rest, and motion.  For these make perceivable impressions, both on the eyes and touch; and we can receive and convey into our minds the ideas of the extension, figure, motion, and rest of bodies, both by seeing and feeling.  But having occasion to speak more at large of these in another place, I here only enumerate them.