to write to Canning a despatch which will bring this point out....  If we take Canton by naval means alone, we shall probably not be able to hold the city; in which case we shall probably occasion a great deal of massacre and bloodshed, without influencing in the slightest degree the Court of Pekin.

[Sidenote:  Continued perplexities.]

October 9th.—­I do not think that the naval actions here have really done anything towards solving our questions, and perhaps they may have been injurious, in so far as they have enabled the Government and the Press to take up the tone that we could settle our affairs without troops.  All these partial measures increase the confidence of the Chinese in themselves, and confirm them in the opinion that we cannot meet them on land.  They have never denied our superiority by sea.

October 13th.—­No steamer from England yet.  I have just despatched letters to Canning, in the sense I have already explained to you....  General Ashburnham’s position is a very cruel one,—­at the head of a whole lot of doctors and staff-officers of all kinds, without any troops.  The enormous amount of supplies sent out passes belief.  Oceans of porter, soda-water, wine of all sorts, and delicacies that I never even heard of, for the hospitals.  I am told, even tea and sugar, but that may be a calumny.  This is the reaction, after the economies practised in the Crimea, and will be persevered in, I suppose, till Parliament gets tired of paying, and then we shall have counteraction the other way.

On the 16th of October the French ambassador reached Hong-kong, having been delayed by the breaking down of an engine, which made it necessary for him to stay at Singapore to refit.  The relations of the two ambassadors, at first somewhat distant and diplomatic, soon ripened into mutual feelings of cordial regard.

[Sidenote:  Arrival of Baron Gros.]

October 18th.—­The instructions brought by the last mail give me much greater latitude of action; in fact, untie my hands altogether.  I hope I shall get Baron Gros to go with me; but if not, I shall go at Canton alone.  The Admiral is quite ready for the attempt, as soon as his marines arrive.

[Sidenote:  A sister’s death.]

October 30th.—­How little was I prepared for the sad intelligence brought to me by your last![8] How constantly we shall all feel the absence of that good genius!—­that Providence always on the watch to soothe the wretched and to console the afflicted.  I had never thought of her early removal by death; and yet one ought to have done so, for she complained much of suffering last year, and all who knew her well must have felt that to make her complain her sufferings must have been great.  She is gone; and she will leave behind her a blank in many existences....  Many years ago we were much together.  She was then in the full vigour of her faculties....