part of the world are better off than those in another, will tend inevitably to bring about ameliorations for the latter.  The domain of evil will be continually restricted, and that of good enlarged.  In the dissemination of intelligence and the spread of sympathy, the telegraph, and other applications of electricity, have enormously aided the work of steam.  Every individual of civilized mankind may now be cognizant, at any moment, of what is taking place at any point of the earth’s surface to which the appliances of civilization have penetrated.  This unprecedented spread of common acquaintanceship of the world has been supplemented by discoveries of science in many other directions.  We know more of the moon to-day than Europe did of this planet a few centuries ago.  The industrial arts are now prosecuted by machinery with a productiveness which enables one man to do the work formerly performed by hundreds, and which more than keeps up the supply with the demand.  Conquests of natural forces are constantly making, and each one of them adds to the comfort and enlightenment of man.  Men, practically, live a dozen lives such as those of the past in their single span of seventy years; and we are even finding means of prolonging the Scriptural limit of mortal existence physically as well as mentally.

But is all this due to that great moral and social earthquake to which we give the name of the French Revolution?  Yes; for that upheaval, like the plow of some titanic husbandman, brought to the surface elements of good and use which had been lying fallow for unnumbered ages.  It brought into view the People, as against mere rulers and aristocrats, who had hitherto lived upon what the People produced, without working themselves, and without caring for anything except to conserve things as they were.  Human progress will never be advanced by oligarchies, no matter how gentle and well-disposed.  We see their results to-day in Spain and in Turkey, which are still mediaeval, or worse, in their condition and methods.  It is the brains of the common people that have wrought the mighty change; their personal interests demand that they go forward, and their fresh and unencumbered minds show them the way.  The great scientists, the inventors, the philanthropists, the reformers, are all of the common people; the statesmen who have really governed the world in this century have sprung from the common stock.  The French Revolution destroyed the dominance of old ideas, and with them the forms in which they were embodied.  Political, personal and religious freedom are now matters of course; but a hundred years ago they were almost unheard of, save in the dreams of optimists and fanatics.  The rights of labor have been vindicated; and the right of every human being to the benefit of what he produces has been claimed and established.  Along with this improvement has come, of course, a train of evils and abuses, due to our ignorance of how best to manage and apply our new privileges and