[4] Letter of M. Simolin, the Russian embassador, April 4th, 1791, Feuillet de Conches, ii., p. 31.

[5] “Souvenirs sur Mirabeau,” par Etienne Dumont, p. 201.

[6] In her letter to Mercy of August 16th, of which extracts are given in ch. xi., she takes credit for having encountered the dangers of the journey to Montmedy for the sake of “the public welfare.”

[7] Arneth, p. 155.

[8] Letter of Leopold to Marie Antoinette, date May 2d, 1791, Arneth, p. 162.

[9] “Cette demarche est le terme extreme de reussir ou perir.  Les choses en sont-elles au point de rendre ce risque indispensable?”—­Mercy to Marie Antoinette, May 11th, 1791, Arneth, p. 163.

[10] The day on which the king and she had been prevented from going to St. Cloud.

[11] The king.

CHAPTER XXXI.

[1] Chambrier, ii., p. 86-88.

[2] Lamartine’s “Histoire des Girondins,” ii., p. 15.

[3] Moore’s “View,” ii., p. 367.

[4] The Palais Royal had been named the Palais National.  All signs with the portraits of the king or queen, all emblems of royalty, had been torn down.  A shop-keeper was even obliged to erase his name from his shop because it was Louis.—­MOORE’S View, etc., ii., p. 356.

CHAPTER XXXII.

[1] A certain set of writers in this country at one time made La Fayette a subject for almost unmixed eulogy, with such earnestness that it may be worth while to reproduce the opinion expressed of him by the greatest of his contemporaries—­a man as acute in his penetration into character as he was stainless in honor—­the late Duke of Wellington.  In the summer of 1815, he told Sir John Malcolm that “he had used La Fayette like a dog, as he merited.  The old rascal,” said he, “had made a false report of his mission to the Emperor of Russia, and I possessed complete evidence of his having done so.  I told him, the moment he entered, of this fact; I did not even state it in the most delicate manner.  I told him he must be sensible he had made a false report.  He made no answer.”  And the duke bowed him out of the room with unconcealed scorn.—­Kaye’s Life of Sir J. Malcolm, ii., p. 109.

[2] Lamartine calls the Cordeliers the Club of Coups-de-main, as he calls the Jacobins the Club of Radical Theories.—­Histoire des Girondins, xvi., p. 4.

[3] Dr. Moore, ii., p. 372; Chambrier, ii., p. 142.

[4] Mercy to Marie Antoinette, May 16th, Feuillet de Conches, ii., p. 60.

[5] Ibid., p. 140.

[6] A resolution, that is, to recognize the Constitution.

[7] Arneth, p. 188; Feuillet de Conches, ii, p. 186.

[8] The letter took several days to write, and was so interrupted that portions of it have three different dates affixed, August 16th, 21st, 26th.  Mercy’s letter, which incloses Burke’s memorial, is dated the 20th, from London, so that the first portion of the queen’s letter can not be regarded as an intentional answer to Burke’s arguments, though it is so, as embodying all the reasons which influenced the queen.