After her death the English carried on war with new spirit for a time, and Henry VI. of England was crowned in Paris, at Notre Dame.  He was crowned, however, by an English, not by a French prelate.  None of the great French nobles even were present.  The coronation was a failure.  Gradually all France was won over to the side of Charles.  He was a contemptible monarch, but he was the legitimate King of France.  All classes desired peace; all parties were weary of war.  The Treaty of Arras, in 1435, restored peace between Charles and Philip of Burgundy; and in the same year the Duke of Bedford died.  In 1436 Charles took possession of Paris.  In 1445 Henry VI. married Margaret of Anjou, a kinswoman of Charles VII.  In 1448 Charles invaded Normandy, and expelled the English from the duchy which for four hundred years had belonged to the kings of England.  Soon after Guienne fell.  In 1453 Calais alone remained to England, after a war of one hundred years.

At last a tardy justice was done to the memory of her who had turned the tide of conquest.  The King, ungrateful as he had been, now ennobled her family and their descendants, even in the female line, and bestowed upon them pensions and offices.  In 1452, twenty years after the martyrdom, the Pope commissioned the Archbishop of Rheims and two other prelates, aided by an inquisitor, to inquire into the trial of Joan of Arc.  They met in Notre Dame.  Messengers were sent into the country where she was born, to inquire into her history; and all testified—­priests and peasants—­to the moral beauty of her character, to her innocent and blameless life, her heroism in battle, and her good sense in counsel.  And the decision of the prelates was that her visions came from God; that the purity of her motives and the good she did to her country justified her in leaving her parents and wearing a man’s dress.  They pronounced the trial at Rouen to have been polluted with wrong and calumny, and freed her name from every shadow of disgrace.  The people of Orleans instituted an annual religious festival to her honor.  The Duke of Orleans gave a grant of land to her brothers, who were ennobled.  The people of Rouen raised a stone cross to her memory in the market-place where she was burned.  In later times, the Duchess of Orleans, wife of the son and heir of Louis Philippe, modelled with her own hands an exquisite statue of Joan of Arc.  But the most beautiful and impressive tribute which has ever been paid to her name and memory was a fete of three days’ continuance, in 1856, on the anniversary of the deliverance of Orleans, when the celebrated Bishop Dupanloup pronounced one of the most eloquent eulogies ever offered to the memory of a heroine or benefactor.  That ancient city never saw so brilliant a spectacle as that which took place in honor of its immortal deliverer, who was executed so cruelly under the superintendence of a Christian bishop,—­one of those iniquities in the name of justice which have so often been perpetrated on this earth.  It was a powerful nation which killed her, and one equally powerful which abandoned her.