“Whilst he was in this perplexity, a messenger arrived from Histiaeus at Susa, who brought with him an express command to revolt, the particulars of which were impressed in legible characters upon his skull.  Histiaeus was desirous to communicate his intentions to Aristagoras; but as the ways were strictly guarded, he could devise no other method.  He therefore took one of the most faithful of his slaves, and inscribed what we have mentioned upon his skull, being first shaved; he detained the man till his hair was again grown, when he sent him to Miletus, desiring him to be as expeditious as possible:  Aristagoras being requested to examine his skull, he discovered the characters which commanded him to commence a revolt.  To this measure Histiaeus was induced by the vexation he experienced from his captivity at Susa.”

It is pretty evident that Nash took Aulus Gellius as his authority, from the insertion of the circumstance of the defective sight of the servant, which certainly is important, as giving Histiaeus an excuse for shaving his head.

[58] Peter Bales, who is here immortalised, has also received honourable mention in Holinshed’s Chronicle.  He was supposed by Evelyn to be the inventor of shorthand, but that art was discovered some years earlier by Dr Timothy Bright, who is better known as the author of “A Treatise of Melancholy,” which was first published in 1586.  Bales was born in 1547, and many of the incidents of his life have come down to us; for while the lives of poets and philosophers are left in obscurity, the important achievements of a writing-master are detailed by contemporaries with laborious accuracy.  Mr D’Israeli, in his “Curiosities of Literature,” has not scrupled to devote many pages to Bales’s contests for superiority with a rival penman of the name of Johnson.  Bales was the improver of Dr Bright’s system, and, according to his own account in his “Writing Schoolmaster,” he was able to keep pace with a moderate speaker.  He seems to have been engaged in public life, by acting as secretary where caligraphy was required; and he was at length accused of being concerned in the plot of Lord Essex; but he was afterwards vindicated, and punished his accuser.  The greatest performance, that in which his exalted fame may most securely rest, was the writing of the Lord’s Prayer, Creed, Decalogue, with two Latin prayers, in the compass of a penny.  Brachygraphy had arrived at considerable perfection soon after 1600, and in Webster’s “Devil’s Law Case,” there is a trial scene, in which the following is part of the dialogue—­

    SANITONELLA.  Do you hear, officers? 
    You must take special care that you let in
    No brachygraphy men to take notes.

    1st OFFICER.  No. sir.

    SANITONELLA.  By no means: 
    We cannot have a cause of any fame,
    But you must have some scurvy pamphlets and lewd ballads
    Engendered of it presently.