* It is not so generally understood as it should be among English and American readers that a very large proportion of early Christians before the creeds established and regularised the doctrine of the Trinity, denied absolutely that Jehovah was God; they regarded Christ as a rebel against Jehovah and a rescuer of humanity from him, just as Prometheus was a rebel against Jove.  These beliefs survived for a thousand years throughout Christendom:  they were held by a great multitude of persecuted sects, from the Albigenses and Cathars to the eastern Paulicians.  The catholic church found it necessary to prohibit the circulation of the Old Testament among laymen very largely on account of the polemics of the Cathars against the Hebrew God.  But in this book, be it noted, the word Christian, when it is not otherwise defined, is used to indicate only the Trinitarians who accept the official creeds.

It is a human paradox that the desire for seemliness, the instinct for restraints and fair disciplines, and the impulse to cherish sweet familiar things, that these things of the True God should so readily liberate cruelty and tyranny.  It is like a woman going with a light to tend and protect her sleeping child, and setting the house on fire.  None the less, right down to to-day, the heresy of God the Revengeful, God the Persecutor and Avenger, haunts religion.  It is only in quite recent years that the growing gentleness of everyday life has begun to make men a little ashamed of a Deity less tolerant and gentle than themselves.  The recent literature of the Anglicans abounds in the evidence of this trouble.

Bishop Colenso of Natal was prosecuted and condemned in 1863 for denying the irascibility of his God and teaching “the Kaffirs of Natal” the dangerous heresy that God is all mercy.  “We cannot allow it to be said,” the Dean of Cape Town insisted, “that God was not angry and was not appeased by punishment.”  He was angry “on account of Sin, which is a great evil and a great insult to His Majesty.”  The case of the Rev. Charles Voysey, which occurred in 1870, was a second assertion of the Church’s insistence upon the fierceness of her God.  This case is not to be found in the ordinary church histories nor is it even mentioned in the latest edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica; nevertheless it appears to have been a very illuminating case.  It is doubtful if the church would prosecute or condemn either Bishop Colenso or Mr. Voysey to-day.

7.  God and the nursery-maid

Closely related to the Heresy of God the Avenger, is that kind of miniature God the Avenger, to whom the nursery-maid and the overtaxed parent are so apt to appeal.  You stab your children with such a God and he poisons all their lives.  For many of us the word “God” first came into our lives to denote a wanton, irrational restraint, as Bogey, as the All-Seeing and quite ungenerous Eye.