We are forming an aristocracy, as you may observe, in this country,—­not a gratia-Dei, nor a jure-divino one,—­but a de-facto upper stratum of being, which floats over the turbid waves of common life as the iridescent film you may have seen spreading over the water about our wharves,—­very splendid, though its origin may have been tar, tallow, train-oil, or other such unctuous commodities.  I say, then, we are forming an aristocracy; and, transitory as its individual life often is, it maintains itself tolerably, as a whole.  Of course, money is its corner-stone.  But now observe this.  Money kept for two or three generations transforms a race,—­I don’t mean merely in manners and hereditary culture, but in blood and bone.  Money buys air and sunshine, in which children grow up more kindly, of course, than in close, back streets; it buys country-places to give them happy and healthy summers, good nursing, good doctoring, and the best cuts of beef and mutton.  When the spring-chickens come to market——­I beg your pardon,—­that is not what I was going to speak of.  As the young females of each successive season come on, the finest specimens among them, other things being equal, are apt to attract those who can afford the expensive luxury of beauty.  The physical character of the next generation rises in consequence.  It is plain that certain families have in this way acquired an elevated type of face and figure, and that in a small circle of city-connections one may sometimes find models of both sexes which one of the rural counties would find it hard to match from all its townships put together.  Because there is a good deal of running down, of degeneration and waste of life, among the richer classes, you must not overlook the equally obvious fact I have just spoken of,—­which in one or two generations more will be, I think, much more patent than just now.

The weak point in our chryso-aristocracy is the same I have alluded to in connection with cheap dandyism.  Its thorough manhood, its high-caste gallantry, are not so manifest as the plate-glass of its windows and the more or less legitimate heraldry of its coach-panels.  It is very curious to observe of how small account military folks are held among our Northern people.  Our young men must gild their spurs, but they need not win them.  The equal division of property keeps the younger sons of rich people above the necessity of military service.  Thus the army loses an element of refinement, and the moneyed upper class forgets what it is to count heroism among its virtues.  Still I don’t believe in any aristocracy without pluck as its backbone.  Ours may show it when the time comes, if it ever does come.