Krafft, 411 West 59th St., New York city, or by the Franklin Educational Co., 15 and 17 Harcourt St., Boston.  The Leitz Stand, No.  IV., can be furnished duty free (for schools only), with objectives 1, 3, and 5, eye-pieces I. and III., for $24.50.  If several instruments are being provided, it would be well to have part of them equipped with objectives 3 and 7, and eye-pieces I. and III.

“The American manufacturers, Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, Rochester, N.Y., and No. 130 Fulton St., New York city, have this year produced a microscope of the Continental type which is especially designed to meet the requirements of the secondary schools for an instrument with rack and pinion coarse adjustment and serviceable fine adjustment, at a low price.  They furnish this new stand, ‘AAB,’ to schools and teachers at ‘duty-free’ rates, the prices being for the stand with two eye-pieces (any desired power), 2/3-inch and 1/4-inch objectives, $25.60, or with 2-inch, 2/3-inch, and 1/4-inch objectives, and two eye-pieces, $29.20.  Stand ‘A,’ the same stand as the ‘AAB,’ without joint and with sliding tube coarse adjustment (as in the Leitz Stand IV.), and with three eye-pieces and 2/3-inch and 1/4-inch objectives, is furnished for $20.40.  Stand ‘A,’ with two eye-pieces, 2/3-inch and 1/6-inch objectives, $20.40.”]

410.  The Use of the Skeleton and Manikin.  The study of the bones by the help of a skeleton is almost a necessity.  To this intent, schools of a higher grade should be provided both with a skeleton and a manikin.  If the former is not owned by the school, oftentimes a loan of one can be secured of some medical man in the vicinity.  Separate bones will also prove useful.  In fact, there is no other way to study properly the structure and use of the bones and joints than by the bones themselves.  A good manikin is also equally serviceable, although not so commonly provided for schools on account of its cost.

411.  The Question of Vivisection and Dissection.  There should be no question at all concerning vivisection. In no shape or form should it be allowed in any grade of our schools. Nor is there any need of much dissection in the grammar-school grades.  A few simple dissections to be performed with fresh beef-joints, tendons of turkey legs, and so on, will never engender cruel or brutal feelings toward living things.  In the lower grades a discreet teacher will rarely advise his pupils to dissect a dead cat, dog, frog, or any other animal.  Instead of actual dissection, the pupils should examine specimens or certain parts previously dissected by the teacher,—­as the muscles and tendons of a sheep, the heart of an ox, the eye of a codfish, and so on.  Even under these restrictions the teacher should not use the knife or scissors before the class to open up any part of the specimen.  In brief, avoid everything that can possibly arouse any cruel or brutal feeling on the part of young students.