any thing he has done for Shakspeare.  If I should praise him, I should much more praise the nation who paid him.  He has not made Shakspeare better known[675]; he cannot illustrate Shakspeare; so I have reasons enough against mentioning him, were reasons necessary.  There should be reasons for it.’  I spoke of Mrs. Montague’s very high praises of Garrick[676].  JOHNSON.  ’Sir, it is fit she should say so much, and I should say nothing.  Reynolds is fond of her book, and I wonder at it; for neither I, nor Beauclerk, nor Mrs. Thrale, could get through it[677].’  Last night Dr. Johnson gave us an account of the whole process of tanning and of the nature of milk, and the various operations upon it, as making whey, &c.  His variety of information is surprizing[678]; and it gives one much satisfaction to find such a man bestowing his attention on the useful arts of life.  Ulinish was much struck with his knowledge; and said, ’He is a great orator, Sir; it is musick to hear this man speak.’  A strange thought struck me, to try if he knew any thing of an art, or whatever it should be called, which is no doubt very useful in life, but which lies far out of the way of a philosopher and a poet; I mean the trade of a butcher.  I enticed him into the subject, by connecting it with the various researches into the manners and customs of uncivilized nations, that have been made by our late navigators into the South Seas.  I began with observing, that Mr. (now Sir Joseph) Banks tells us, that the art of slaughtering animals was not known in Otaheite, for, instead of bleeding to death their dogs, (a common food with them,) they strangle them.  This he told me himself; and I supposed that their hogs were killed in the same way.  Dr. Johnson said, ’This must be owing to their not having knives,—­though they have sharp stones with which they can cut a carcase in pieces tolerably.’  By degrees, he shewed that he knew something even of butchery.  ’Different animals (said he) are killed differently.  An ox is knocked down, and a calf stunned; but a sheep has its throat cut, without any thing being done to stupify it.  The butchers have no view to the ease of the animals, but only to make them quiet, for their own safety and convenience.  A sheep can give them little trouble.  Hales[679] is of opinion, that every animal should be blooded, without having any blow given to it, because it bleeds better.’  BOSWELL.  ’That would be cruel.’  JOHNSON.  ’No, Sir; there is not much pain, if the jugular vein be properly cut.’  Pursuing the subject, he said, the kennels of Southwark ran with blood two or three days in the week; that he was afraid there were slaughter-houses in more streets in London than one supposes; (speaking with a kind of horrour of butchering;) and, yet he added, ‘any of us would kill a cow rather than not have beef.’  I said we could not.  ’Yes, (said he,) any one may.  The business of a butcher is a trade indeed, that is to say, there is an apprenticeship served to it; but it may be learnt in a month[680].’