the master and to bring the horse to the door when he wished to go out for business or pleasure.  Riding horseback was common for both ladies and gentlemen, and sometimes I would have to saddle three or more horses when Boss, the madam, a friend or friends desired a ride.  Bird hunting parties were common and were greatly enjoyed, by the young people especially.  Boss always invited some of the young people of the neighborhood to these parties and they never failed to put in an appearance.  Williams, Bradford and Freeman were the sons of rich planters, and were always participants in this sport, and their young lady friends joined in it as on-lookers.  The young men singing and whistling to the birds, I in the meantime setting the net.  As soon as I had got the net in order they would approach the birds slowly, driving them into it.  There was great laughter and excitement if they were successful in catching a fine flock.

* * * * *

Cruel treatment.

I was but a lad, yet I can remember well the cruel treatment I received.  Some weeks it seemed I was whipped for nothing, just to please my mistress’ fancy.  Once, when I was sent to town for the mail and had started back, it was so dark and rainy my horse got away from me and I had to stay all night in town.  The next morning when I got back home I had a severe whipping, because the master was expecting a letter containing money and was disappointed in not receiving it that night, as he was going to Panola to spend Christmas.  However, the day came and all the family went except me.  During the time they were gone the overseer whipped a man so terribly with the “bull whip” that I had to go for the doctor, and when Dr. Heningford, the regular family physician, came, he said it was awful—­such cruel treatment, and he complained about it.  It was common for a slave to get an “over-threshing,” that is, to be whipped too much.  The poor man was cut up so badly all over that the doctor made a bran poultice and wrapped his entire body in it.  This was done to draw out the inflammation.  It seems the slave had been sick, and had killed a little pig when he became well enough to go to work, as his appetite craved hearty food, and he needed it to give him strength for his tasks.  For this one act, comparatively trivial, he was almost killed.  The idea never seemed to occur to the slave holders that these slaves were getting no wages for their work and, therefore, had nothing with which to procure what, at times, was necessary for their health and strength—­palatable and nourishing food.  When the slaves took anything the masters called it stealing, yet they were stealing the slaves’ time year after year.  When Boss came home he was called on by the town officials, for the case had been reported to them.  Boss, however, got out of it by saying that he was not at home when the trouble occurred.  The poor slave was sick from his ill treatment some four or five months, and when he recovered there was a running sore left on his body, from the deep cuts of the whip, which never healed.  I can not forget how he looked, the sore was a sickening sight; yet, when he was able to walk he had to return to work in the field.