and Indians, and after a sharp fight defeated.  Hull decided to retreat to Detroit.  The order was a surprise and disappointment to the army, and drew from some of the young officers very harsh remarks concerning the imbecility and even treachery of General Hull.  Sullenly the army crossed the river, and on the morning of the 8th of August encamped under the shelter of Fort Detroit.  On the same day Colonel Miller and several hundred men were sent to accomplish what Van Horne had failed to do.  They met and defeated the Indians under Tecumseh and a small British force near the scene of Van Horne’s disaster, and were about to press forward to meet the supply party and escort them to camp, when the commander-in-chief recalled them.

On the 13th of August, Gen. Brock, a brave, energetic officer reached Malden with reinforcements.  Aware of the character of Hull, he prepared for the conquest of Detroit.  On the 14th, he planted batteries at Sandwich, opposite the fortress of Detroit and demanded its surrender, stating that otherwise he should be unable to restrain the fury of the savages.  Instigated by his officers, Hull answered this by a spirited refusal and a declaration that the fort and town would be defended to the last extremity.  The British commenced a cannonade, and Hull was greatly distressed at the number of women and children in the fort, exposed to the fire of the enemy.  The more charitably inclined historian interprets his acts as the result of tender regard for the helpless and innocent, rather than cowardice, especially as his daughter and her little children came near being slain by a ricocheting cannon-ball, which almost annihilated a group of officers in front of the door of the house in which the mother and her children were.  The firing continued until next day.  The alarm and consternation of General Hull had now become extreme.  On the 12th, the field officers, suspecting that the general intended to surrender the fort, had determined on his arrest.  This was probably prevented, in consequence of Col.  McArthur and Cass, two very active and spirited officers, being detached, on the 13th, with four hundred men, on a third expedition to the river Raisin.

Early on the morning of the 16th, the British landed at Springwell, three miles below the town, without opposition, and marched up in solid column toward the fort along the river bank.  The troops were strongly posted, and cannon loaded with grape stood on a commanding eminence ready to sweep the advancing columns.  The troops, anticipating a brilliant victory, waited in eager expectation the advance of the British.  What was their disappointment and mortification at the very moment, when it was thought the British were advancing to certain destruction, orders were given for them to retire within the fort, and for the artillery not to fire.  Then, the men were ordered to stack their arms, and, to the astonishment of all, a white flag was suspended from the walls, and Hull, panic stricken, surrendered the fortress without even stipulating the terms.  The surrender included, beside the troops at Detroit, the detachments under Cass and McArthur, and the party under Captain Brush at the river Raisin.  No provision was made for the unfortunate Canadians who had joined General Hull, and several of them were hung as traitors.