No Englishman believes that his nation can rule or keep India for a day unless the people of India actively co-operate to maintain that rule.  Whether the co-operation be given willingly or through ignorance, cupidity, habit or fear, the withdrawal of that co-operation means impossibility of foreign rule in India.  Some of us may not realise this, but those who govern us have long ago known and are now keenly alive to this truth.  The active assistance of the people of this country in the supply of the money, men, and knowledge of the languages, customs and laws of the land, is the main-spring of the continuous life of the foreign administration.  Indeed the circumstances of British rule in this country are such that but for a double supply of co-operation on the part of the governed, it must have broken down long ago.  Any system of race domination is unnatural, and can be kept up only by active coercion through a foreign-recruited public, service invested with large powers, however much it may he helped by the perversion of mentality shaping the education of the youth of the country.  The foreign recruited service must necessarily be very highly paid.  This creates a wrong standard for the Indian recruited officials also.  Military expenditure has to cover not only the needs of defence against foreign aggression, but also the possibilities of internal unrest and rebellion.  Police charges have to go beyond the prevention and deletion of ordinary crime, for though this would be the only expenditure over the police of a self-governing people where any nation governs another, a large chapter of artificial crime has to be added to the penal code, and the work of the police extended accordingly.  The military and public organisations must also be such as not only to result in outside efficiency, but also at the same time guarantee internal impotency.  This is to be achieved by the adjustment and careful admixture of officers and units from different races.  All this can be and is maintained only by extra cost and extra-active co-operation on the part of the people.  The slightest withdrawal of assistance must put such machinery out of gear.  This is the basis of the programme of progressive non violent non-co-operation that has been adopted by the National Congress.

SOME OBJECTIONS

The powerful character of the measure, however, leads some to object to non-co-operation because of that very reason.  Striking as it does at the very root of Government in India, they fear that non-co-operation must lead to anarchy, and that the remedy is worse than the disease.  This is an objection arising out of insufficient allowance for human nature.  It is assumed that the British people will allow their connection with India to cease rather than remedy the wrongs for which we seek justice.  If this assumption be correct, no doubt it must lead to separation and possibly also anarchy for a time.  If the