The news of the actual declaration of war by Turkey caused a tremendous stir in our regiment.  The prevailing feeling was one of great restlessness and discontent.  The Arabs made many bitter remarks against Germany.  “Why didn’t she help us against the Italians during the war for Tripoli?” they said.  “Now that she is in trouble she is drawing us into the fight.”  Their opinions, however, soon underwent a change.  In the first place, they came to realize that Turkey had taken up arms against Russia; and Russia is considered first and foremost the arch-enemy.  German reports of German successes also had a powerful effect on them.  They began to grow boastful, arrogant; and the sight of the plundering of Europeans, Jews, and Christians convinced them that a very desirable regime was setting in.  Saffed has a large Jewish colony, and it was torment for me to have to witness the outrages that my people suffered in the name of “requisitioning.”

The final blow came one morning when all the Jewish and Christian soldiers of our regiment were called out and told that henceforth they were to serve in the taboor amlieh, or working corps.  The object of this action, plainly enough, was to conciliate and flatter the Mohammedan population, and at the same time to put the Jews and Christians, who for the most part favored the cause of the Allies, in a position where they would be least dangerous.  We were disarmed; our uniforms were taken away, and we became hard-driven “gangsters.”  I shall never forget the humiliation of that day when we, who, after all, were the best-disciplined troops of the lot, were first herded to our work of pushing wheelbarrows and handling spades, by grinning Arabs, rifle on shoulder.  We were set to building the road between Saffed and Tiberias, on the Sea of Galilee—­a link in the military highway from Damascus to the coast, which would be used for the movement of troops in case the railroad should be cut off.  It had no immediate strategic bearing on the attack against Suez, however.

From six in the morning till seven at night we were hard at it, except for one hour’s rest at noon.  While we had money, it was possible to get some slight relief by bribing our taskmasters; but this soon came to an end, and we had to endure their brutality as best we could.  The wheelbarrows we used were the property of a French company which, before the war, was undertaking a highway to Beirut.  No grease was provided for the wheels, so that there was a maddening squeaking and squealing in addition to the difficulty of pushing the barrows.  One day I suggested to an inspection officer that if the wheels were not greased the axles would be burned out.  He agreed with me and issued an order that the men were to provide their own oil to lubricate the wheels!