“We made the journey by rail and coach, but it would be better to drive the whole way.

“Most observatories are temples of silence, and quiet reigns.  As we drove into the grounds at Pulkova, a small crowd of children of all ages, and servants of all degrees, came out to meet us.  They did not come out to do us honor, but to gaze at us.  I could not understand it until I learned that the director of the observatory has a large number of aids, and they, with all their families, live in large houses, connected with the central building by covered ways.

“All about the grounds, too, were small observatories,—­little temples,—­in which young men were practising for observations on the transit of Venus.  These little buildings, I afterwards learned, were to be taken down and transported, instruments and all, to the coast of Asia.

“The director of the observatory is Otto Struve—­his father, Wilhelm Struve, preceded him in this office.  Properly, the director is Herr Von Struve; but the old Russian custom is still in use, and the servants call him Wilhelm-vitch; that is, ‘the son of William.’

“When I bought a photograph of the present emperor, Alexander, I saw that he was called Nicholas-vitch.

“Herr Struve received us courteously, and an assistant was called to show us the instruments.  All observatories are much alike; therefore I will not describe this, except in its peculiarities.  One of these was the presence of small, light, portable rooms, i.e., baseless boxes, which rolled over the instruments to protect them; two sides were of wood, and two sides of green silk curtains, which could, of course, be turned aside when the boxes, or little rooms, were rolled over the apparatus.  Being covered in this way, the heavy shutters can be left open for weeks at a time.

“Everything was on a large scale—­the rooms were immense.

“The director has three assistants who are called ‘elder astronomers,’ and two who are called ‘adjunct astronomers.’  Each of these has a servant devoted to him.  I asked one of the elder astronomers if he had rooms in the observatory, and he answered, ’Yes, my rooms are 94 ft. by 50.’

“They seem to be amused at the size of their lodgings, for Mr. Struve, when he told me of his apartments, gave me at once the dimensions,—­200 ft. by 100 ft.

“The room in which we dined with the family of Herr Struve was immense.  I spoke of it, and he said, ’We cannot open our windows in the winter,—­the winters are so severe,—­and so we must have good air without it.’  Their drawing-room was also very large; the chairs (innumerable, it seemed to me) stood stiffly around the walls of the room.  The floor was painted and highly varnished, and flower-pots were at the numerous windows on little stands.  It was scrupulously neat everywhere.

“There was very little ceremony at dinner; we had the delicious wild strawberries of the country in great profusion; and the talk, the best part of the dinner, was in German, Russian, and English.