Above all, President Poincare has been marked down in Germany’s senseless, unnecessary hunt for a scapegoat upon whom to fix her own guilt.  Even in the year 1915 there is a section of the German public[165] which believes that the French President—­a native of Lorraine—­has worked for years past in building up a revanche conspiracy ending in the European war.

[Footnote 165:  Dr. Max Beer:  “Tzar Poincarew, die Schuld am Kriege” ("Czar Poincarew, the War-guilty").  Berlin, 1915.]

Germany despised France and has tried in vain to patronize her.  For many years past the average German has held that the French are a nation of “degenerate weaklings.”  Inspired by these sentiments, with a mixture of hate, the German troops invaded France, and it is a promising symptom that during twelve months of war respect for French valour has taken the place of contempt.

The first engagements are described in the official telegrams from the German army head-quarters.  “August 11th.  Enemies’ troops, apparently the 7th French army corps and an infantry division from the Belfort garrison, were driven out of a fortified position by Muelhausen.  Our losses were inconsiderable, those of the French heavy.

“August 12th.  Our troops attacked a French brigade by Lagarde.  The enemy suffered heavy losses and was thrown back into the Paroy forest.  We captured a flag, two batteries, four machine guns and about seven hundred prisoners.  A French general was among the killed.

“August 18th.  The fight by Muelhausen was little more than a skirmish.  One and a half enemy corps had invaded Upper Alsace before our troops could be collected and placed on a war-footing.  In spite of their numerical inferiority they attacked the enemy without hesitation and hurled him back in the direction of Belfort.

“Meanwhile an artillery contingent from Strasbourg has suffered a check.  Two battalions with cannon and machine guns advanced from Shirmeck on the 14th.  They were attacked by hostile artillery fire while passing through a narrow pass.  The cannon, etc., were badly damaged and therefore left.  No doubt they were captured by the enemy.

“The incident is of no importance and will have no influence on our operations, but it should serve as a warning to our soldiers against over-confidence and carelessness.  The men mustered again and reached the fortress in safety:  they had lost their guns but not their courage.  Whether treachery on the part of the inhabitants had any part in the affair has not yet been ascertained.

“August 22nd.  Our troops are in pursuit of the French army defeated between Metz and the Vosges.  The enemies’ retreat became a flight.  Up till now more than ten thousand prisoners have been taken and at least fifty cannon captured.  The French had eight army corps in the field.

“August 24th.  Yesterday the German Crown Prince, advancing on both sides of Longwy, achieved a victory over the opposing forces and hurled them back.