The need for a passive voice is avoided by the simple method of putting the pronoun in the accusative; thus, daca signifies “I strike,” dacal (me strike) “I am struck.”  The infinitive is avi; avyta, “being;” avnyta, “having been;” avmyta, “about to be.”  These are declined like nouns, of which latter there are six forms, the masculine in a, o, and y, the feminine in a, oo, and e; the plurals being formed exactly as in the pronominal suffixes of the verb.  The root-word, without inflexion, alone is used where the name is employed in no connection with a verb, where in every terrestrial language the nominative would be employed.  Thus, my guide had named the squirrel-monkeys ambau (sing. amba); but the word is declined as follows:—­

Singular. Plural.

Nominative ambas ambaus

Accusative ambal ambaul

Dative, to or in amban ambaun

Ablative, by or from ambam ambaum

The five other forms are declined in the same manner, the vowel of the last syllable only differing.  Adjectives are declined like nouns, but have no comparative or superlative degree; the former being expressed by prefixing the intensitive syllable ca, the latter, when used (which is but seldom) by the prefix ela, signifying the in an emphatic sense, as his Grace of Wellington is in England called The Duke par excellence.  Prepositions and adverbs end in t or d.

Each form of the noun has, as a rule, its special relation to the verb of the same root:  thus from dac, “strike,” are derived daca, “weapon” or “hammer;”, daco, a “stroke” or “striking” [as given] both masculine; daca, “anvil;” dacoo, “blow” or “beating” [as received]; and dake, “a thing beaten,” feminine.  The sixth form, daky, masculine, has in this case no proper signification, and not being wanted, is not used.  Individual letters or syllables are largely employed in combination to give new and even contradictory meanings to a root.  Thus n, like the Latin in, signifies “penetration,” “motion towards,” or simply “remaining in a place,” or, again, “permanence.” M, like the Latin ab or ex, indicates “motion from.” R expresses “uncertainty” or “incompleteness,” and is employed to convert a statement into a question, or a relative pronoun into one of inquiry. G, like the Greek a or anti, generally signifies “opposition” or “negation;” ca is, as aforesaid, intensitive, and is employed, for example, to convert afi, “to breathe,” into cafi, “to speak.” Cr is by itself an interjection of abhorrence or disgust; in composition it indicates detestation or destruction:  thus, craky signifies “hatred;”