November 9—­Italian liner Ancona torpedoed.

December 1—­British retreat from near Bagdad.  Dec. 4—­Ford “peace party” sails for Europe.  Dec. 8-9—­Allies defeated in Macedonia.  Dec. 15—­Sir John Douglas Haig succeeds Sir John French as chief of English Armies on west front.

January 8—­British troops at Kut-el-Amara surrounded.  Jan. 9—­British evacuate Gallipoli peninsula.  Jan. 13—­Austrians capture Cetinje, capital of Montenegro.  Jan. 23—­Scutari, capital of Albania, captured by Austrians.

February 22—­Crown prince’s army begins attack on Verdun.

March 8—­Germany declares war on Portugal.  March, 15—­Austria-Hungary declares war on Portugal.  March 24—­Steamer Sussex torpedoed and sunk.

April 18—­President Wilson sends note to Germany.  April 19—­President Wilson speaks to congress, explaining diplomatic situation.  April 24—­Insurrection in Dublin.  April 29—­British troops at Kut-el-Amara surrender to Turks.  April 30—­Irish revolution suppressed.

May 3—­Irish leaders of insurrection executed.  May 4—­Germany makes promise to change methods of submarine warfare.  May 13—­Austrians begin great offensive against Italians in Trentino.  May 31—­Great naval battle off Danish coast.

June 5—­Lord Kitchener lost with cruiser Hampshire.  June 11—­Russians capture Dubno.  June 29—­Sir Roger Casement sentenced to be hanged for treason.

July 1—­British and French begin great offensive on the Somme.  July 6—­David Lloyd George appointed secretary of war.  July 9—­German merchant submarine Deutschland arrives at Baltimore.  July 23—­Gen. Kuropatkin’s army wins battle near Riga.  July 27—­English take Delville wood; Serbian forces begin attack on Bulgars in Macedonia.

August 2—­French take Fleury.  Aug. 3—­Sir Roger Casement executed for treason.  Aug. 4—­French recapture Thiaumont for fourth time; British repulse Turkish attack on Suez canal.  Aug, 7—­Italians on Isonzo front capture Monte Sabotino and Monte San Michele.  Aug. 8—­Turks force Russian evacuation of Bitlis and Mush.  Aug. 9—­Italians cross Isonzo river and occupy Austrian city of Goeritz.  Aug. 10—­Austrians evacuate Stanislau; allies take Doiran, near Saloniki, from Bulgarians.

August 19—­German submarines sink British light cruisers Nottingham and Falmouth.  Aug. 24—­French occupy Maurepas, north of the Somme; Russians recapture Mush in Armenia.  Aug. 27—­Italy declares war on Germany; Roumania enters war on side of allies.  Aug. 29—­Field Marshal von Hindenburg made chief of staff of German armies, succeeding Gen. von Falkenhayn.  August 30—­Russian armies seize all five passes in Carpathians into Hungary.

September 3—­Allies renew offensive north of Somme; Bulgarian and German troops invade Dobrudja, in Roumania.  Sept. 7—­Germans and Bulgarians capture Roumanian fortress of Tutrakan; Roumanians take Orsova, Bulgarian city.  Sept. 19—­German-Bulgarian army captures Roumanian fortress of Silistria.  Sept. 14—­British for first time use “tanks.”  Sept. 15—­Italians begin new offensive on Carso.