BRITISH NAVAL VICTORY

In the second week of December the British navy avenged the defeat of Rear Admiral Cradock’s squadron off the Chilean coast in November, when a powerful special fleet, under Vice-Admiral Sir Frederick Sturdee, encountered the German cruiser fleet, under Admiral von Spee, off the Falkland Islands and practically destroyed it.  Only one of the five German cruisers escaped.  The flagship Scharnhorst, the Gneisenau, the Leipzig and the Nurnberg were sunk in the action, which lasted for five hours, and the German admiral with three of his sons and most of the officers and men of the German crews perished.  The British losses were inconsiderable.

This sea fight in the South Atlantic was the most important engagement in which British men-of-war had participated since the era of Napoleon.  The sailing of the British fleet in quest of Admiral von Spee’s squadron had been kept secret and the news of the victory was therefore especially welcome to the people of England, who had been considerably worried by a succession of minor naval losses inflicted by German cruisers, submarines and mines.  The action was gallantly fought on both sides.  The advantage in weight of metal and range of guns lay on the side of the British, and the battle was decided at long range.  Admiral von Spee, refusing to surrender, in spite of the odds against him, went down with his ship.  The flagship of the victorious admiral, Sir Frederick Sturdee, was the modern battle cruiser Invincible.  A number of the German sailors were rescued by the British after the engagement and sent as prisoners of war to England.  The total German loss was over 2,000 officers and men.

Fine strategy was shown by the British admiralty in sending Admiral Sturdee to South American waters.  He was ordered to sea from his desk as chief of the British naval board, after Von Spee’s Chilean victory in November, and was placed in command of some of the fastest and most powerful cruisers of the British fleet.  The entire affair, from the time the admiral left London until he succeeded in finding and sinking the German squadron in the South Atlantic, took about a month—­a truly remarkable exploit.

RULERS AT THE FRONT

During December all the armies in the field were visited by the rulers of their respective countries.  The Czar spent some time with his troops near the firing lines in Poland; King George of England visited the British forces in Belgium and Northern France and conferred the Victoria Cross ("For Valor”) on a number of officers and men; and President Poincare made several trips to the front, conferring decorations upon General Joffre, commander-in-chief, and other French officers, for distinguished service.  The gallant and devoted soldier-king, Albert of Belgium, remained steadfastly at the front with his troops, sharing all their privations and dangers during the