There was Tantalus, plagued for his great sins, standing up to the chin in water, which he can never taste, but still as he bows his head, thinking to quench his burning thirst, instead of water he licks up unsavoury dust.  All fruits pleasant to the sight, and of delicious flavour, hang in ripe clusters about his head, seeming as though they offered themselves to be plucked by him; but when he reaches out his hand, some wind carries them far out of his sight into the clouds:  so he is starved in the midst of plenty by the righteous doom of Jove, in memory of that inhuman banquet at which the sun turned pale, when the unnatural father served up the limbs of his little son in a dish, as meat for his divine guests.

There was Sisyphus, that sees no end to his labours.  His punishment is, to be for ever rolling up a vast stone to the top of a mountain, which when it gets to the top, falls down with a crushing weight, and all his work is to be begun again.  He was bathed all over in sweat, that reeked out a smoke which covered his head like a mist.  His crime had been the revealing of state secrets.

There Ulysses saw Hercules:  not that Hercules who enjoys immortal life in heaven among the gods, and is married to Hebe or Youth; but his shadow which remains below.  About him the dead flocked as thick as bats, hovering around, and cuffing at his head:  he stands with his dreadful bow, ever in the act to shoot.

There also might Ulysses have seen and spoken with the shades of Theseus, and Pirithous, and the old heroes; but he had conversed enough with horrors:  therefore covering his face with his hands, that he might see no more spectres, he resumed his seat in his ship, and pushed off.  The bark moved of itself without the help of any oar, and soon brought him out of the regions of death into the cheerful quarters of the living, and to the island of AEaea, whence he had set forth.

CHAPTER III

The song of the Sirens.—­Scylla and Charybdis.—­The oxen of the Sun.—­The judgment.—­The crew killed by lightning.

“Unhappy man, who at thy birth wast appointed twice to die! others shall die once; but thou, besides that death that remains for thee, common to all men, hast in thy life-time visited the shades of death.  Thee Scylla, thee Charybdis, expect.  Thee the deathful Sirens lie in wait for, that taint the minds of whoever listen to them with their sweet singing.  Whosoever shall but hear the call of any Siren, he will so despise both wife and children through their sorceries, that the stream of his affection never again shall set homewards, nor shall he take joy in wife or children thereafter, or they in him.”

With these prophetic greetings great Circe met Ulysses on his return.  He besought her to instruct him in the nature of the Sirens, and by what method their baneful allurements were to be resisted.