“Four portals to the garden lead, and when the gates are
      closed,
  No living might dare touch a rose, ’gainst his strict command
     opposed;
  Whoe’er would break the golden gates, or cut the silken
     thread,
  Or who would dare to crush the flowers down beneath his
     tread,
  Soon for his pride would have to pledge a foot and hand;
  Thus Laurin, king of Dwarfs, rules within his land.”

We may mention here that the beautiful white or yellow flowers that grow on the banks of lakes and rivers in Sweden are called “neck-roses,” memorials of the Neck, a water-elf, and the poisonous root of the water-hemlock was known as neck-root.[4]

In Brittany and in some parts of Ireland the hawthorn, or, as it is popularly designated, the fairy-thorn, is a tree most specially in favour.  On this account it is held highly dangerous to gather even a leaf “from certain old and solitary thorns which grow in sheltered hollows of the moorlands,” for these are the trysting-places of the fairy race.  A trace of the same superstition existed in Scotland, as may be gathered from the subjoined extract from the “Scottish Statistical Report” of the year 1796, in connection with New parish:—­“There is a quick thorn of a very antique appearance, for which the people have a superstitious veneration.  They have a mortal dread to lop off or cut any part of it, and affirm with a religious horror that some persons who had the temerity to hurt it, were afterwards severely punished for their sacrilege.”

One flower which, for some reason or other, is still held in special honour by them, is the common stichwort of our country hedges, and which the Devonshire peasant hesitates to pluck lest he should be pixy-led.  A similar idea formerly prevailed in the Isle of Man in connection with the St. John’s wort.  If any unwary traveller happened, after sunset, to tread on this plant, it was said that a fairy-horse would suddenly appear, and carry him about all night.  Wild thyme is another of their favourite plants, and Mr. Folkard notes that in Sicily rosemary is equally beloved; and that “the young fairies, under the guise of snakes, lie concealed under its branches.”  According to a Netherlandish belief, the elf-leaf, or sorceresses’ plant, is particularly grateful to them, and therefore ought not to be plucked.[5]

The four-leaved clover is a magic talisman which enables its wearer to detect the whereabouts of fairies, and was said only to grow in their haunts; in reference to which belief Lover thus writes: 

  “I’ll seek a four-leaved clover
  In all the fairy dells,
  And if I find the charmed leaf,
  Oh, how I’ll weave my spells!”

And according to a Danish belief, any one wandering under an elder-bush at twelve o’clock on Midsummer Eve will see the king of fairyland pass by with all his retinue.  Fairies’ haunts are mostly in picturesque spots (such as among the tufts of wild thyme); and the oak tree, both here and in Germany, has generally been their favourite abode, and hence the superstitious reverence with which certain trees are held, care being taken not to offend their mysterious inhabitants.