“Good evening, thou good one old;
 I bring thee the warm and the cold.”

Similarly, in our own country, oak-trees planted at the junction of cross-roads were much resorted to by persons suffering from ague, for the purpose of transferring to them their complaint, [11] and elsewhere allusion has already been made to the practice of curing sickly children by passing through a split piece of oak.  A German remedy for gout is to take hold of an oak, or of a young shoot already felled, and to repeat these words:—­

  “Oak-shoot, I to thee complain,
  All the torturing gout plagues me;
  I cannot go for it,
  Thou canst stand it. 
  The first bird that flies above thee,
  To him give it in his flight,
  Let him take it with him in the air.”

Another plant, which from its mystic character has been used for various complaints, is the elder.  In Bohemia, three spoonsful of the water which has been used to bathe an invalid are poured under an elder-tree; and a Danish cure for toothache consists in placing an elder-twig in the mouth, and then sticking it in a wall, saying, “Depart, thou evil spirit.”  The mysterious origin and surroundings of the mistletoe have invested it with a widespread importance in old folk-lore remedies, many of which are, even now-a-days, firmly credited; a reputation, too, bestowed upon it by the Druids, who styled it “all-heal,” as being an antidote for all diseases.  Culpepper speaks of it as “good for the grief of the sinew, itch, sores, and toothache, the biting of mad dogs and venomous beasts;” while Sir Thomas Browne alludes to its virtues in cases of epilepsy.  In France, amulets formed of mistletoe were much worn; and in Sweden, a finger-ring made of its wood is an antidote against sickness.  The mandrake, as a mystic plant, was extensively sold for medicinal purposes, and in Kent may be occasionally found kept to cure barrenness; [12] and it may be remembered that La Fontaine’s fable, La Mandragore, turns upon its supposed power of producing children.  How potent its effects were formerly held may be gathered from the very many allusions to its mystic properties in the literature of bygone years.  Columella, in his well-known lines, says:—­

  “Whose roots show half a man, whose juice
  With madness strikes.”

Shakespeare speaks of it as an opiate, and on the Continent it was much used for amulets.

Again, certain plants seem to have been specially in high repute in olden times from the marvellous influence they were credited with exercising over the human frame; consequently they were much valued by both old and young; for who would not retain the vigour of his youth, and what woman would not desire to preserve the freshness of her beauty?

One of the special virtues of rosemary, for instance, was its ability to make old folks young again.  A story is told of a gouty and crooked old queen, who sighed with longing regret to think that her young dancing-days were gone, so:—­