King Matthias invites learned men from Italy to Hungary; he founds the University and Library of Budapest.

Athens captured and pillaged by the Venetians, under Victor Capello.

1466.  Worn out by constant warfare the Teutonic Knights, by the treaty of Thorn, cede West Prussia to Casimir IV of Poland; they retain East Prussia as a fief of Poland.

1467.  Charles the Bold succeeds to the Duchy of Burgundy.

A crusade against George Podibrad, King of Bohemia, proclaimed by Pope
Paul II.

1468.  Visit of Louis XI to Charles the Bold at Peronne.  See “CULMINATION OF THE POWER OF BURGUNDY,” viii, 125.

Founding of the Library of Venice.

Ivan III repels an invasion of the Golden Horde and prepares the independence of Russia.

1469.  Marriage of Princess Isabella of Castile to Ferdinand of Aragon.

Beginning of the reign of Lorenzo de’ Medici in Florence.  See “LORENZO DE’ MEDICI RULES IN FLORENCE,” viii, 134.

About this time Peter Covilham (see 1461), his companion having died in India, penetrates into Abyssinia and is there detained. 1470.  Restoration of Henry VI, by Earl Warwick, to the throne of England.

Siege and capture of Negropont (Euboea) by the Turks; massacre of the inhabitants.

Pomponius Laetus collects a society to study the antiquities of Rome; he is imprisoned and persecuted for his unguarded enthusiasm.

1471.  Edward IV reenters England; defeat of the Lancastrians at Barnet; Warwick—­the King Maker—­slain.  See “WARS OF THE ROSES,” viii, 72.

Translation by Caxton of Recueil des Histoires des Troyes.  See “ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF PRINTING” (also plate), viii, 24.

1472.  Normandy ravaged by Charles the Bold.

Philippe de Comines, the chronicler, enters into the service of Louis XI.

1473.  Resumption of the commotions in France; the Count of Armagnac assassinated; the Duke of Alencon arrested.

1474.  Ferdinand and Isabella commence their joint reign in Castile.  Caxton publishes his first book, The Game and Playe of the Chesse.

1475.  Emperor Frederick IV refuses to give Charles, Duke of Burgundy, the title of king; war ensues; Charles conquers Lorraine.

1476.  Switzerland unsuccessfully invaded by the Duke of Burgundy.  Assassination of Sforza, Duke of Milan; his son Gian Galeazzo Maria succeeds, under the regency of his mother, Bona.

Sten Sture, Protector of Sweden, founds the University of Upsal; he checks the nobility and priesthood by summoning deputies of the towns and peasantry to attend the national Diet.

1477.  Maximilian, son of Emperor Frederick III, marries Mary of Burgundy.

Italy invaded by the Turks; they advance to within sight of Venice.

Publication of the first book printed in England, Caxton’s Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophers.