I left our Headquarters in France, for instance, some days before the news of the Russian revolution reached London, and while the Somme retirement was still in its earlier stages.  Immediately afterwards the events of one short week transformed the whole political aspect of Europe, and may well prove to have changed the face of the war—­although as to that, let there be no dogmatising yet!  But before the pace becomes faster still, and before the unfolding of those great and perhaps final events we may now dimly foresee, let me try and seize the impressions of some memorable weeks and bring them to bear—­so far as the war is concerned—­on those questions which, in the present state of affairs, must interest you in America scarcely less than they interest us here.  Where, in fact, do we stand?

Any kind of answer must begin with the Navy.  For, in the case of Great Britain, and indeed scarcely less in the case of the Allies, that is the foundation of everything.  To yourself the facts will all be familiar—­but for the benefit of those innumerable friends of the Allies in Europe and America whom I would fain reach with the help of your great name, I will run through a few of the recent—­the ground—­facts of the past year, as I myself ran through them a few days ago, before, with an Admiralty permit, I went down to one of the most interesting naval bases on our coast and found myself amid a group of men engaged night and day in grappling with the submarine menace which threatens not only Great Britain, not only the Allies, but yourselves, and every neutral nation.  It is well to go back to these facts.  They are indeed worthy of this island nation, and her seaborn children.

To begin with, the personnel of the British Navy, which at the beginning of the war was 140,000, was last year 300,000.  This year it is 400,000, or very nearly three times what it was before the war.  Then as to ships,—­“If we were strong in capital ships at the beginning of the war”—­said Mr. Balfour, last September, “we are yet stronger now—­absolutely and relatively—­and in regard to cruisers and destroyers there is absolutely no comparison between our strength in 1914 and our strength now.  There is no part of our naval strength in which we have not got a greater supply, and in some departments an incomparably greater supply than we had on August 4th, 1914....  The tonnage of the Navy has increased by well over a million tons since war began.”

So Mr. Balfour, six months ago.  Five months later, it fell to Sir Edward Carson to move the naval estimates, under pressure, as we all know, of the submarine anxiety.  He spoke in the frankest and plainest language of that anxiety, as did the Prime Minister in his now famous speech of February 22nd, and as did the speakers in the House of Lords, Lord Lytton, Lord Curzon and Lord Beresford, on the same date. The attack is not yet checked.  The danger is not over. Still again—­look at some of the facts!  In two years and a quarter of war—­