its long nose frequently sticking in the bottom, to drag it into still shallower water.  It was a brownish black, or perhaps a dark iron-gray, on the back and sides, but lighter beneath and in front.  I took the cord which served for the canoe’s painter, and with Joe’s assistance measured it carefully, the greatest distances first, making a knot each time.  The painter being wanted, I reduced these measures that night with equal care to lengths and fractions of my umbrella, beginning with the smallest measures, and untying the knots as I proceeded; and when we arrived at Chesuncook the next day, finding a two-foot rule there, I reduced the last to feet and inches; and, moreover, I made myself a two-foot rule of a thin and narrow strip of black ash which would fold up conveniently to six inches.  All this pains I took because I did not wish to be obliged to say merely that the moose was very large.  Of the various dimensions which I obtained I will mention only two.  The distance from the tips of the hoofs of the fore-feet, stretched out, to the top of the back between the shoulders, was seven feet and five inches.  I can hardly believe my own measure, for this is about two feet greater than the height of a tall horse.  The extreme length was eight feet and two inches.  Another cow-moose, which I have since measured in those woods with a tape, was just six feet from the tip of the hoof to the shoulders, and eight feet long as she lay.

When afterward I asked an Indian at the carry how much taller the male was, he answered, “Eighteen inches,” and made me observe the height of a cross-stake over the fire, more than four feet from the ground, to give me some idea of the depth of his chest.  Another Indian, at Oldtown, told me that they were nine feet high to the top of the back, and that one which he tried weighed eight hundred pounds.  The length of the spinal projections between the shoulders is very great.  A white hunter, who was the best authority among hunters that I could have, told me that the male was not eighteen inches taller than the female; yet he agreed that he was sometimes nine feet high to the top of the back, and weighed a thousand pounds.  Only the male has horns, and they rise two feet or more above the shoulders,—­spreading three or four, and sometimes six feet,—­ which would make him in all, sometimes, eleven feet high!  According to this calculation, the moose is as tall, though it may not be as large, as the great Irish elk, Megaceros Hibernicus, of a former period, of which Mantell says that it “very far exceeded in magnitude any living species, the skeleton” being “upward of ten feet high from the ground to the highest point of the antlers.”  Joe said, that, though the moose shed the whole horn annually, each new horn has an additional prong; but I have noticed that they sometimes have more prongs on one side than on the other.  I was struck with the delicacy and tenderness of the hoofs, which divide very far up, and the one half could be pressed very much behind the other, thus probably making the animal surer-footed on the uneven ground and slippery moss-covered logs of the primitive forest.  They were very unlike the stiff and battered feet of our horses and oxen.  The bare, horny part of the fore-foot was just six inches long, and the two portions could be separated four inches at the extremities.