So far, so good.  But the third conspicuous new arrival, John Graves Simcoe, lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, who had come out the year before, was a great deal less to Carleton’s liking.  Simcoe was a good officer who threw himself heart and soul into the work of settling the new province.  He won the affectionate regard of his people and is gratefully remembered by their posterity.  But he was too exclusively of his own province in his civil and military outlook and was disposed to ignore Carleton as his official chief.  Moreover, he was appointed in spite of Carleton’s strongly expressed preference for Sir John Johnson, who, to all appearances, was the very man for the post.  Sir William Johnson, the first baronet, had been the great British leader of the Indians and a person of much consequence throughout America.  His son John inherited many of his good qualities, thoroughly understood the West and its problems, was a devoted Loyalist all through the Revolution, when he raised the King’s Royal Regiment of New York, and would have been second only to Carleton himself in the eyes of all Canadians, old and new.  But the government thought his private interests too great for his public duty—­an excellent general principle, though misapplied in this particular case.  At any rate, Simcoe came instead, and the friction began at once.  Simcoe’s commission clearly made him subordinate to Carleton.  Yet Simcoe made appointments without consulting his superior and argued the point after he had been brought to book.  He communicated directly with the home government over his superior’s head and was not rebuked by the minister to whom he wrote—­Henry Dundas, afterwards first Viscount Melville.  Dundas, indeed, was half inclined to snub Carleton.  Simcoe desired to establish military posts wherever he thought they would best promote immediate settlement, a policy which would tend to sap both the government’s resources and the self-reliance of the settlers.  He also wished to fix the capital at London instead of York, now Toronto, and to make York instead of Kingston the naval base for Lake Ontario.  Thus the friction continued.  At length Carleton wrote to the Duke of Portland, Pitt’s home secretary, saying:  ’All command, civil and military, being thus disorganized and without remedy, your Grace will, I hope, excuse my anxiety for the arrival of any successor, who may have authority sufficient to restore order, lest these insubordinations should extend to mutiny among the troops and sedition among the people.’  That was in November 1795.  The government, however, took no decisive action, and next year both Carleton and Simcoe left Canada for ever.

When this unfortunate quarrel began (1793) Canada was in grave danger of being attacked by both the French and the American republics.  The danger, however, had been greatly lessened by Jay’s Treaty of 1794 and was to be still further lessened (1796) by the transfer of the Western Posts to the United States and by the presidential election which gave the Federal party a new lease of power, though no longer under Washington.  Had Carleton remained in Canada these felicitous events would have offered him a unique opportunity of strengthening the friendly ties between the British and the Americans in a way which might have saved some trouble later on.  But that was not to be.