SOURCE: "Le Plissement and La fêlure: The Paris Commune in Vallès's L'Insurgé and Zola's La Débâcle," in Modernity and Revolution in Late Nineteenth-Century France, edited by Barbara T. Cooper and Mary Donaldson-Evans, University of Delaware Press, 1992, pp. 143-54.

In the following excerpt, Stivale contrasts Vallès's and Emile Zola's representation of the Paris Commune of 1871, arguing that Vallès's emphasis on identifying and naming historical agents in his narration of class conflict makes possible the recognition and resistance of seemingly natural sources of power.

In his provocative analysis of Zola's La Bâte humaine in The Logic of Sense, Gilles Deleuze develops the bipolar oscillation which occurs in Zola's work between the la petite hérédité des instincts ("small heredity of instincts") and the la grande hérédité ("grand heredity"), both of la fâlure ("the fissure") and of the l'Instinct de...