SOURCE: "The Poet's Heart: A Polyfunctional Object in the Poetic System of the Ghazal," in Intoxication, Earthly and Heavenly: Seven Studies on the Poet Hafiz of Shiraz, edited by Michael Glunz and J. Christoph Burgel, Peter Lang, Inc., 1991, pp. 53-68.

In the following essay, Glunz explores the many metaphorical meanings and functions Hafiz derives from the word "heart."

Gi; introductory Remarks =~ Sintroductory Remarks

When we look at the frequency-list of lexical items in Hafiz' divan¹ we find that the item 'dil' (heart) ranks 19^th in a field of 4810 items and is far ahead of any other noun. This alone would justify an inquiry into the special function or functions the heart fulfills in the type of poetry that has reached its perfection in the Diwan-i Hafiz, i.e. the ghazal.

For the purpose of our inquiry it would be enough to take examples from Hafiz only. I have...