SOURCE: "Bruno Frank's 'Der Reisepass': The Exile as an Aristocrat of Humanity," in Monatshefte, Vol. LXVII, No. 1, Spring, 1975, pp. 37-47.

In the following essay, Kamla analyzes Frank's protagonist Ludwig in Der Reisepass as the embodiment of liberal humanist values and the implications of his princely status as an exemplary liberal.

The tradition of liberal humanism, to which the bourgeois writer was heir, underwent a re-evaluation in some cases after 1933. In their journalistic contributions and artistic works the liberal authors in exile addressed themselves to issues involving social forces and ideologies that would lend realistic substance to a literary heritage that had fostered individual freedom of expression. Lion Feuchtwanger, Klaus Mann, and Hans Habe saw, if only for reasons of expediency, in the collective struggle of Communism the one viable ideological force that could pose an effective threat to militant imperialism. Habe and Feuchtwanger include in their exile novels...