¹ Sir Henry Sumner Maine, Village Communities in the East and West (London: John Murray, 1890), p. 206.

² Baburnama, translated by A. S. Beveridge, ed. (London: Luzac, 1969), pp. 518-520.

³ E. M. Forster, A Passage to India (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1952), p. 149.

⁴ Donald Lach, Asia in the Making of Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), vol. I p. 4.

⁵ Milton Singer, When a Great Tradition Modernizes (New York: Praeger, 1972), p. 12.

⁶ Alberuni's India, trans. by E. C. Sachau (Delhi: S. Chand, 1964), pp. 17-21.

⁷ Lach, op. cit., 20ff.

⁸ James Mill, The History of British India (London: Balwin, Craddock and Joy, 1826), vol. I p. 245.

⁹ Ibid., xi-xii.

¹⁰ Alberuni's India, op. cit., p. 18.

¹¹ Mill, op. cit.

¹² Alberuni's India, op. cit., p. 3.

¹³ Ibid.

¹⁴ Singer, op. cit., p. 28.

¹⁵ Alberuni's India, op. cit., p. 6.

¹⁶ Ibid., p. 7.

¹⁷ Ibid., p. 31.

¹⁸ Singer, op. cit., p. 28.

¹⁹ Ahmad Hasan Dani, Alberuni's India (Islamabad: University of Islamabad Press, 1973) p. 5.

²⁰ Alberuni's India, op. cit., p. 22.

²¹ Herodotus, trans. by...