Thomas Henry Huxley conducted research in comparative anatomy and biology. His efforts to identify physiological and biological links between vertebrates and invertebrates pioneered the field of evolutionary biology. Although a prolific publisher of scientific material, Huxley also wrote on philosophical issues in science. He was intrigued by the possibility of formulating a scientific critique of questions of religion, morality, and power. He often championed controversial theories, acting as the outspoken defender of Darwinism against its critics. Huxley fought tirelessly enhance the status of science within British society. His efforts in raising public interest in scientific discovery resulted in a greater professionalism of the discipline, and the establishment of salaried positions for researchers. Thus, Huxley was a key figure in the transformation of science from a amateur hobby of wealthy gentlemen, to a cohesive academic discipline and professional career.

Huxley was born in Ealing, England. Although he was the...