On a November morning in 1328, in Carcassone, the inquisitors Henri Chamayou and Pierre Brun delivered sentences upon twenty-two men and women of southern France accused of the heresies of the Béguins and Spiritual Franciscans, against which Pope John XXII had been battling vehemently for ten years. What had begun as an ideological debate over poverty within the Franciscan order in the previous century had become, in the early years of the fourteenth, an eschatologically charged and socially and geographically dispersed battle between authority and heresy, from one perspective, or between the forces of the Antichrist and the True Church, from the other. The trial of November 1328 marked the end of the phase of this battle that had been fought in Provence, and it marked also the end of the life of Na Prous Boneta, one of the twenty-two tried, who was declared a heretic and heresiarch...