John Rock (1825-1866) was one of the first African Americans with a medical degree. Also trained as a dentist and lawyer, Rock was the first African American to be admitted to the bar of the U.S. Supreme Court. He was a passionate abolitionist and civil rights leader and held a strong belief in the dignity and rights of all Americans.

The son of free parents, John Rock was born on October 13, 1825, in Salem, New Jersey, a small town near Wilmington, Delaware. His middle name is listed as either Sweat or Swett. Although his family was poor, his parents encouraged John to pursue his education as best he could. From an early age, Rock showed a tremendous interest in books and learning, spending much time reading. He attended the Salem public schools.

In 1844, at the age of 19, he accepted a teaching position at a one-room school in Salem...