Hans Spemann was recognized for his research into the development of embryos, and in particular for his studies into the causes behind the specialization and differentiation of embryonic cells. In the mid-1930s, Spemann discovered "organizers," regions within developing embryos that cause undifferentiated tissue to evolve in a specific way. For this finding, Spemann was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. In addition, Spemann is credited with founding the early techniques of microsurgery, the minute manipulations of tissue or living structure.

The son of a well-known book publisher, Spemann was born in Stuttgart, Germany. He was the eldest of four children of Johann Wilhelm Spemann and the former Lisinka Hoffman. The family was intellectually, socially and culturally active, and lived in a large home that was well stocked with books. Upon entering the Eberhard Ludwig Gymnasium, Spemann first wished to study the classics. Although he later...