Fubini had a distinguished career in mathematics, making contributions to many different aspects of the field, particularly in geometry and harmonics. Many of his important theories relating to engineering were published in a text book some 11 years after his death, this was co-authored with G. Albenge.

Guido Fubini, whose father was a mathematics teacher in Venice, showed an aptitude for mathematics at an early age. He studied the subject at university, at Pisa, and by 1900 he had completed his doctoral thesis on elliptic geometry, specifically on Clifford's parallelism. This thesis coincided with the publication by Bianchi (Fubini's doctoral supervisor) on differential geometry. In this work Bianchi discussed the work carried out by Fubini, thrusting him rapidly into the mathematical world spotlight. Fubini initially stayed at Pisa University where he took up a position as a lecturer. This allowed him to extend his work into the field of harmonic analysis, with particular reference to spaces of constant curvature. Fubini continued in this area of research at several different universities, including Sicily, Genoa, and Turin. These last three positions were as a professor, a position which he obtained at the very young age of 21. Fubini spread his work even further and included differential equations and various aspects of analysis and analytic geometry. With the advent of the First World War Fubini applied his skill to the practical subject of ballistics and accuracy of weapons fire. With the rise of fascism and religious persecution prior to the Second World War Fubini left his native Italy to continue work in the Untied States, where for five years before his death in 1943 he taught at New York University.