Although Emile Berliner (1851-1929) may not be as well known as Thomas Edison or Alexander Graham Bell, his contributions to modern technology are equally significant. Berliner's inventions led to audio recording and playback techniques that were in use throughout the twentieth century. His discoveries and innovations--the first discs or records-have steadily increased in value as collectors' treasures.

On May 20, 1851, Emile Berliner was born in Wolfenbuttel, a town near Hannover, Germany. His father, Samuel, was a salesman, while his mother, Sarah, cared for young Emile and his ten siblings. At the age of 14 , Berliner worked for a printer in order to contribute to the family finances. Shortly after, he found a job in a tie shop, where he was able to utilize his first invention--a power loom. When Berliner was still a teen, a friend of his father's who had recently immigrated to the United States, extended an invitation...