Edward Waring was an established 18th-century mathematician and theorist who did groundbreaking work in the areas of imaginary numbers and their roots. He is best known for the Cauchy ratio testand Waring's theorem, which is also known as Waring's Problem. In the former, Waring focused on the convergence and divergence of numerical series. In the theorem named after him, Waring postulated that any positive integer is the sum of not more than nine cubes, and is the sum of not more than 19 fourth powers. The result about cubes was not proved until 1910, and the result about fourth powers was not proved until 1986. Waring also posited that integers are composed of a specific combination of prime numbers. For example, an even integer, he asserted, was the sum of two prime numbers, whereas an odd number was either, in and of itself, a prime number or the sum of three...