Charles B. Huggins was awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1966 for his discovery in the 1930s of the role played by hormones in the onset and growth of prostate and breast cancer. This breakthrough led Huggins to make a number of important medical advances, including the subsequent development of hormone therapy, the first non-radioactive, non-toxic chemical treatment for cancer. In other studies, Huggins found that cancer cells are not necessarily self-reliant and self-perpetuating, and that some cancers actually depend on normal hormone levels to develop and grow. He then developed a blood test to measure two particular enzymes to determine the extent of the cancer and the effect of hormone therapy. In addition, Huggins discovered the compensatory action of adrenal glands after hormone therapy and performed the first surgical removal of the adrenal glands to combat cancer regrowth. He also developed cortisone replacement therapy to...