Alexander Todd was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on the chemistry of nucleotides. He was also influential in synthesizing vitamins for commercial application. In addition, Todd invesitgated active ingredients in cannabis and hashish, and helped develop efficient means of producing chemical weapons.

Alexander Todd was born in Glasgow, Scotland, to Alexander and Jane Lowrie Todd. In his autobiography, A Time to Remember, Todd recalls how, through hard work, his parents rose to the lower middle class despite having no more than an elementary education, and how determined they were that their children should have an education at any cost.

In 1918, Todd gained admission to the Allan Glen's School in Glasgow, a science high school. His interest in chemistry, which first arose when he was given a chemistry set at the age of eight or nine, developed rapidly. On graduation, six years later, he entered...