Everything you need to understand or teach Longitude (book) by Dava Sobel.
Longitude is the story of English clockmaker John Harrison and how he figured out how to track longitude, or the east-west position of ships. The problem of longitude was long regarded as unsolvable. At sea, there were no landmarks by which one's east-west position could be tracked. Since ships were in motion, the position of the sun would also not suffice. Calculations by moon were impracticable and could only be used...
Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time Lesson Plans contain 126 pages of teaching material, including: