Sir Isaac Newton developed the system of advanced mathematical calculation that is now called calculus. And through his experiments with light beams (shown here), he also discovered that white light is composed of a spectrum of colors.

British Mathematician, Physicist, and Astronomer 1642–1727

Many consider Isaac Newton to be among the best mathematicians who ever lived, and some scholars consider him the best mathematician to date. But in addition to his mathematical prowess, his insight into the physical world was no less a part of his greatness. Newton invented and applied a broad range of mathematics both to describe natural phenomena as well as to gain a deeper insight into it. He is also considered to be one of the greatest physicists who ever lived. Probably the only other man in history who could rival Newton's contributions to both mathematics and physics was the Greek...