Mainstreaming is an inclusive form of education in which students are taught in a comprehensive school system. Special education is available for students with special needs, but the goal is for the majority of students and those with special needs to learn in the same classroom whenever possible.

From the 1920s until the 1970s, the trend in Western countries was to set up special schools to educate students with special needs. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act in 1973, schools tried to bring all students under the same roof and provide services as needed. In 1975, PL 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) was passed, giving every child the right to education in the least restrictive environment. In effect, all schoolchildren were given the right to a free public education.

Students with medical and physical disabilities are protected by...