Known as the "Queen of nineteenth century science," Mary Somerville (1780-1872) explained the leading scientific ideas of her day in terms that much of the educated public could understand. Though she conducted some original research, Somerville's work as a translator and interpreter influenced how developments in the physical sciences were discussed and delineated. She was also responsible for the first geography text ever published in English.

Born in Jedburgh, Scotland, on December 26, 1780, Somerville was the daughter of Sir William George and Margaret (nee Charters) Fairfax. Her mother was Scottish, while her father was English. He served as a vice admiral in the Royal Navy and was a hero of the Battle of Camperdown. Due to the demands of his work, he was often away from home. Somerville was the fifth of seven children, who grew up in Burntisland, a small Scottish coastal village.

As a child, Somerville received...